Physical

This illustration depicts Chief Pontiac rallying his warriors or "taking up the hatchet" as the title suggests. 

Pontiac's Rebellion of 1763-1766 was a conflict between Great Lakes tribes under the command of Ottawa Chief Pontiac and the British.  

Intertribal conflict, war with settlers, and war with governments/empires marked Native American resistance to settler colonialism. By physically defending their land, they acted in the interest of maintaining their communities

"Would you consent to have your lands taken?" 

(Simpson, 2013, 11). 

"This ‘criminal empire’ was driven by a desire
for land and resources, achieved through the force of violence and executed and sealed
through contractual thinking and law – a law that masked settler state criminality while
producing Indians as criminals." (Simpson, 2013, 11).